A cold is a highly contagious viral infection characterized by a group of common, recognizable symptoms, such as fever, runney eyes, stuffy nose, head congestion and a sore throat. It can be caused by any of hundreds of viruses. These viruses are so small that they slip easily through the network of filters located in the nasal passages, which normally trap larger bacteria. Multiplying rapidly, the viruses create the typical uncomfortable symptoms of a cold while attacking the nose and throat. The battle, which finally ends when the body’s immune system has wiped out the invading viruses, lasts from seven to ten days, unless complications, such as pneumonia or brochitis, set in.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO GUARD AGAINST CATCHING COLDS
1. When with someone who as a cold, avoid sharing glasses or utensils, be careful shaking hands and avoid sneezes;
2. Eat a well-balanced diet and get enough rest;
3. wash you hands frequently and thoroughly, and avoid touching your nose and eyes.
TREATMENT FOR COLDS
The basics on treating common colds: rest in bed, drink plenty of liquids, and vaporise the air in your room. Some over-the-counter cold medicines may help to relieve some of the symptoms. Plain aspirin or paracetamol is usually effective in reducing fever in adults as well as cold-related aches and pains. Decongestants may relieve the postnasal drip and congested feeling. Antibiotics have no effect on colds or any other types of illnesses caused by viruses.
If your cold hangs on for more than 14 days, and signs of infection appear (such as a fever that lasts more than two or three days, a severe headache, chest pains, hard coughing spells or earache), the it’s time to see your doctor.